Background of the Study
Monetary policy, including interest rate adjustments and liquidity management, plays a crucial role in shaping the financial environment. Although Islamic banks operate under Shariah principles that prohibit interest, they are nonetheless affected by central bank policies, which influence liquidity, asset pricing, and overall economic activity (Mustafa, 2023). Islamic banks utilize alternative financing structures, such as profit-and-loss sharing and cost-plus arrangements, that are indirectly impacted by monetary policy decisions. Changes in central bank policies can alter the availability of funds and affect the competitive landscape between conventional and Islamic banking sectors (Al-Hassan, 2024). Moreover, monetary policy affects macroeconomic stability, which in turn influences credit risk and investment returns in Islamic banking. As governments worldwide adjust their policies to address economic challenges, Islamic banks must adapt their strategies to maintain profitability and ensure compliance with both regulatory and Shariah requirements (Ibrahim, 2025).
Statement of the Problem
Despite the non-interest nature of Islamic finance, the sector is not immune to the effects of monetary policy. One significant challenge is that shifts in liquidity provisions and regulatory rates can disrupt the delicate balance of profit-and-loss sharing arrangements, potentially reducing profitability (Mustafa, 2023). Islamic banks often rely on market-based signals to price their financing instruments; however, when monetary policy shifts rapidly, these banks may struggle to adjust their pricing models in a timely manner. Additionally, uncertainty in monetary policy can lead to increased risk in asset valuation and credit quality. The lack of standardized benchmarks for measuring the impact of monetary policy on non-interest financial products further complicates the issue, creating operational and strategic uncertainties (Al-Hassan, 2024). These challenges underscore the need for a systematic investigation into how monetary policy affects the profitability of Islamic banks and what strategies can be adopted to mitigate adverse impacts.
Objectives of the Study
Research Questions
Research Hypotheses
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study focuses on Islamic banks in emerging markets influenced by central bank policies. Data will be collected from monetary policy reports, bank financial statements, and expert interviews. Limitations include variability in policy implementation and regional economic differences.
Definitions of Terms
– Monetary Policy: Central bank actions that influence liquidity and interest rates.
– Islamic Banks: Financial institutions operating under Shariah principles.
– Profit-and-Loss Sharing: A financing model where profits and losses are distributed between partners.
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